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1.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 83 Suppl 3: 1-40, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37624681

RESUMO

There is a wealth of information on early pharmacological supportive treatment for early rehabilitation following acute ischemic stroke. This review aims to provide healthcare professionals involved in rehabilitating patients with a summary of the available evidence to assist with decision-making in their daily clinical practice. A search for randomized clinical trials and observational studies published between 1/1/2000 and 28/8/2022 was performed using PubMed, Cochrane and Epistemonikos as search engines with language restriction to english and spanish. The selected studies included patients older than 18 with acute ischemic stroke undergoing early rehabilitation. The outcomes considered for efficacy were: motor function, language, and central pain. The selected pharmacological interventions were: cerebrolysin, levodopa, selegiline, amphetamines, fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, antipsychotics, memantine, pregabalin, amitriptyline and lamotrigine. Evidence synthesis and evaluation were performed using the GRADE methodology. This review provided a summary of the evidence on pharmacological supportive care in early rehabilitation of post-acute ischemic stroke patients. This will make it possible to improve current recommendations with the aim of collaborating with health decision-making for this population.


Existe una gran cantidad de información sobre el tratamiento de apoyo farmacológico temprano para la rehabilitación posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo. El objetivo de esta revisión es ofrecer a los profesionales de la salud involucrados en la rehabilitación de los pacientes un resumen de la evidencia disponible que colabore con la toma de decisiones en su práctica clínica diaria. Se realizó una búsqueda de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios observacionales publicados entre el 1/1/2000 y el 28/8/2022 utilizando como motor de búsqueda PubMed, Cochrane y Epistemonikos con restricción de idioma a ingles y español. Los estudios seleccionados incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo sometidos a rehabilitación temprana. Los desenlaces considerados para eficacia fueron: función motora, lenguaje y dolor. Las intervenciones farmacológicas seleccionadas fueron: cerebrolisina, levodopa, selegilina, anfetaminas, fluoxetina, citalopram, escitalopram, antipsicóticos, memantine, pregabalina, amitriptilina y lamotrigina. Se realizó síntesis y evaluación de la evidencia utilizando metodología GRADE. Esta revisión proporcionó un resumen de evidencia sobre el tratamiento de apoyo farmacológico en la neuro-rehabilitación temprana de pacientes post accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo. Esto permitirá mejorar las recomendaciones actuales con el objetivo de colaborar con la toma de decisiones en salud para esta población.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , AVC Isquêmico , Medicina , Humanos , Amitriptilina , Citalopram
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(supl.3): 1-40, ago. 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514539

RESUMO

Resumen Existe una gran cantidad de información sobre el tratamiento de apoyo farmacológico temprano para la rehabilitación posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo. El objetivo de esta revisión es ofrecer a los profesionales de la salud involucrados en la rehabilitación de los pacientes un resumen de la evidencia disponible que colabore con la toma de decisiones en su práctica clínica diaria. Se realizó una búsqueda de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y estudios observacionales publicados entre el 1/1/2000 y el 28/8/2022 utilizando como motor de búsqueda PubMed, Cochrane y Epistemonikos con restricción de idioma a ingles y español. Los estudios seleccionados incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con un accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo sometidos a rehabilitación temprana. Los desenlaces considerados para eficacia fueron: función motora, lenguaje y dolor. Las intervenciones farmacológicas seleccionadas fueron: cerebrolisina, levodopa, selegilina, anfetaminas, fluoxetina, citalopram, escitalopram, antipsicóticos, memantine, pregabalina, amitriptilina y lamotrigina. Se realizó síntesis y evaluación de la evidencia utilizando metodología GRADE. Esta revisión proporcionó un resumen de evidencia sobre el tratamiento de apoyo farmacológico en la neuro-rehabilitación temprana de pacientes post accidente cerebrovascular isquémico agudo. Esto permitirá mejorar las recomendaciones actuales con el objetivo de colaborar con la toma de decisiones en salud para esta población.


Abstract There is a wealth of information on early pharmacological supportive treatment for early rehabilitation following acute ischemic stroke. This review aims to provide healthcare professionals involved in rehabilitating patients with a summary of the available evidence to assist with decision-making in their daily clinical practice. A search for randomized clinical trials and observational studies published between 1/1/2000 and 28/8/2022 was performed using PubMed, Cochrane and Epistemonikos as search engines with language restriction to english and spanish. The selected studies included patients older than 18 with acute ischemic stroke undergoing early rehabilitation. The outcomes considered for efficacy were: motor function, language, and central pain. The selected pharmacological interventions were: cerebrolysin, levodopa, selegiline, amphetamines, fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, antipsychotics, memantine, pregabalin, amitriptyline and lamotrigine. Evidence synthesis and evaluation were performed using the GRADE methodology. This review provided a summary of the evidence on pharmacological supportive care in early rehabilitation of post-acute ischemic stroke patients. This will make it possible to improve current recommendations with the aim of collaborating with health decision-making for this population.

3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(supl.4): 1-56, nov. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405761

RESUMO

Resumen El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) constituye la principal causa de discapacidad de origen neuro- lógico en los adultos mayores a 40 años y la cuarta causa de muerte en Argentina. En los últimos diez años las publicaciones indexadas relacionadas al tratamiento del ACV isquémico fueron más numerosas que las de ACV hemorrágico. El objetivo de este material es proporcionar recomendaciones locales y actualiza- das del abordaje de pacientes con hematoma intraparenquimatoso espontáneo durante la internación. Para la redacción de este manuscrito se convocó a especialistas en esta enfermedad que conformaron grupos de trabajo. Se plantearon 10 tópicos centrales expresados como epidemiologia, atención inicial, imágenes, tratamiento de la presión arterial, reversión de antitrombóticos, indicación de cirugía, profilaxis anticonvulsivante, pronóstico, prevención de complicaciones y reinicio de antitrombóticos. De cada tópico se plantearon mediante preguntas PICO los interrogantes más frecuentes de la práctica diaria. Luego de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se generaron recomendaciones evaluadas mediante sistema GRADE y consensuadas entre autores y pacientes.


Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of neurological disability in people over 40 years of age and the fourth leading cause of death in Argentina. In the last ten years, the indexed publications related to the treatment of ischemic stroke were more numerous than those of hemorrhagic stroke. The objective of this material is to provide local and updated recommendations for the management of patients with spontaneous intracere- bral hemorrhage during hospitalization. For the writing of this manuscript, diferent specialists were convened to form working groups. Ten central topics expressed as epidemiology, initial care, imaging, blood pressure treatment, reversal of antithrombotics, indication for surgery, seizure prophylaxis, prognosis, prevention of complications and resumption of antithrombotics were raised. For each topic, the most frequent questions of daily practice were raised through PICO questions. After a systematic review of the literature, recommendations were generated, evaluated using the GRADE system and agreed between authors and patients.

4.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 82 Suppl 4: 1-56, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36269297

RESUMO

Stroke is the leading cause of neurological disability in people over 40 years of age and the fourth leading cause of death in Argentina. In the last ten years, the indexed publications related to the treatment of ischemic stroke were more numerous than those of hemorrhagic stroke. The objective of this material is to provide local and updated recommendations for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage during hospitalization. For the writing of this manuscript, diferent specialists were convened to form working groups. Ten central topics expressed as epidemiology, initial care, imaging, blood pressure treatment, reversal of antithrombotics, indication for surgery, seizure prophylaxis, prognosis, prevention of complications and resumption of antithrombotics were raised. For each topic, the most frequent questions of daily practice were raised through PICO questions. After a systematic review of the literature, recommendations were generated, evaluated using the GRADE system and agreed between authors and patients.


El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) constituye la principal causa de discapacidad de origen neurológico en los adultos mayores a 40 años y la cuarta causa de muerte en Argentina. En los últimos diez años las publicaciones indexadas relacionadas al tratamiento del ACV isquémico fueron más numerosas que las de ACV hemorrágico. El objetivo de este material es proporcionar recomendaciones locales y actualizadas del abordaje de pacientes con hematoma intraparenquimatoso espontáneo durante la internación. Para la redacción de este manuscrito se convocó a especialistas en esta enfermedad que conformaron grupos de trabajo. Se plantearon 10 tópicos centrales expresados como epidemiologia, atención inicial, imágenes, tratamiento de la presión arterial, reversión de antitrombóticos, indicación de cirugía, profilaxis anticonvulsivante, pronóstico, prevención de complicaciones y reinicio de antitrombóticos. De cada tópico se plantearon mediante preguntas PICO los interrogantes más frecuentes de la práctica diaria. Luego de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se generaron recomendaciones evaluadas mediante sistema GRADE y consensuadas entre autores y pacientes.


Assuntos
Fibrinolíticos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia Cerebral/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/etiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Hospitalização
5.
Mult Scler Relat Disord ; 57: 103329, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35158443

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in the number of reports of multiple sclerosis (MS) rebound activity (RA), which is usually defined as a severe disease reactivation after natalizumab or fingolimod withdrawal that exceeds pre-treatment baseline inflammatory activity. The frequency and risk factors that could predict RA remain unknown. Fingolimod is currently the most frequently prescribed disease modifying therapy for MS in Argentina, so that there is a need to determine possible predictors of RA. OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for developing RA after fingolimod cessation; to describe RA characteristics, management and evolution. METHODS: The study was a multicenter, retrospective, case-control study of patients with MS who had discontinued fingolimod and were followed up to nine months after discontinuation. Demographic, clinical and paraclinical data was extracted, including age, gender, MS phenotype, reason for discontinuation, number of relapses during the year prior to suspension, time treated with fingolimod, EDSS before, during and after rebound, MRI findings. RESULTS: 26 cases of RA were matched 1:1 with patients without RA. The median time elapsed to RA was 50 days. 68% showed worsening of the EDSS in the evaluation at 3 months of RA. When compared with the control group, no difference was found in terms of age, gender, phenotype, EDSS at the moment of suspension, reason for discontinuation, number of relapses in the previous year, and time on therapy. CONCLUSION: In this case-controlled study, no risk factors could be identified to predict RA after fingolimod cessation. Further controlled, prospective, better powered studies are needed to confirm these findings.


Assuntos
Esclerose Múltipla Recidivante-Remitente , Esclerose Múltipla , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cloridrato de Fingolimode/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , Esclerose Múltipla/epidemiologia , Natalizumab , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Neurologist ; 25(6): 162-167, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33181724

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an acute neurological condition with unknown global incidence, variable clinical presentation, and prognosis. OBJECTIVES: To describe a cohort of patients with PRES with a focus on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns and their relationship with short-term clinical outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. The authors included patients if they were older than 15 years and had a PRES diagnosis on the basis of a positive brain MRI at any time during the in-hospital stay. RESULTS: Forty-four patients were included in the present analysis. The median age was 57 years (interquartile range, 32.0-68.5) and 70.5% were women. Hypertension (59.1%), history of transplantation (27.3%), previous chemotherapy (27.3%), chronic renal failure (38.6%), and autoimmune disease (15%) were the main comorbid conditions present. The classic triad of seizures, headache, and visual impairment was present in 18.0% of the cases. Eighty-six percent of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, with 36.0% needing invasive life support. Brain MRI showed a dominant parieto-occipital pattern in 26 patients, whereas cytotoxic edema and bleeding were present in 27.3% and 29.6%, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 11.4%. The median modified Rankin Scale at hospital discharge was 1 (0-2.5). Risk factors associated with low modified Rankin Scale scores were: headache, visual impairment, and parieto-occipital pattern. Decreased level of consciousness and mechanical ventilation requirement were associated with greater discharge disability. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristic symptoms and signs of PRES and classic MRI patterns are associated with better clinical outcomes.


Assuntos
Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Síndrome da Leucoencefalopatia Posterior/patologia , Síndrome da Leucoencefalopatia Posterior/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Comorbidade , Feminino , Cefaleia/etiologia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome da Leucoencefalopatia Posterior/complicações , Síndrome da Leucoencefalopatia Posterior/mortalidade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Convulsões/etiologia , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia
7.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 39(4): 108-114, dic. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1099618

RESUMO

En la Argentina no existen datos epidemiológicos sobre displasia fibromuscular. La realización de un registro nacional puede aportar información que conduzca a una actualización de los consensos y recomendaciones para un correcto diagnóstico, evaluación y tratamiento. El Registro Argentino de Displasia Fibromuscular (SAHARA-DF) inició su actividad de recopilación de datos en octubre de 2015. Al año 2019 se confirmaron 49 pacientes (44 mujeres, 38 hipertensos, edad 45,3 ± 17,2 años, 12 con presentación neurológica). Veintidós pacientes tuvieron lesiones vasculares en más de un sitio, a pesar del sesgo diagnóstico por falta de estudios complementarios en casi la mitad de los casos. El sitio afectado más frecuente fue el renovascular, seguido por el carotídeo y el ilíaco, y las lesiones multifocales fueron más frecuentes que las unifocales (35 versus 14, respectivamente). Se constató la presencia de aneurismas asociados en 13 casos y disección arterial en 4 casos. De las 22 angioplastias renales realizadas, 14 fueron con colocación de stent (endoprótesis). En este estudio preliminar de una población argentina se evidencia el carácter sistémico de la enfermedad y se plantea un llamado a actuar en cuanto a la necesidad de debatir el algoritmo diagnóstico y el método de tratamiento. (AU)


In Argentina there are no epidemiological data regarding fibromuscular dysplasia. Building a National Registry may provide information leading to updated consensus and recommendations for a correct diagnosis, assessment and treatment. Data gathering for the Argentine Registry of Fibromuscular Dysplasia (SAHARA-DF) was initiated in October 2015. By 2019, 49 patients were confirmed (44 women, 38 hypertensives, age 45.3 ± 17.2 years, 12 with a neurological presentation). Twenty-two patients had multi-site vascular lesions, in spite of a diagnosis bias due to lack of supporting studies in almost half of the cases. The renovascular site was the most affected, followed by the carotid and iliac sites, and multifocal lesions were more frequent than unifocal (35 versus 14, respectively). Associated aneurysms were found in 13 cases, and arterial dissection in 4. Twenty-two renal angioplasties were performed, 14 with stent placement. In this preliminary study of an Argentinian population, the systemic nature of the disease is evidenced, and a call for action arises regarding the need for discussing the diagnostic algorithm and treatment method. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Displasia Fibromuscular/diagnóstico , Argentina/epidemiologia , Algoritmos , Viés , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Angioplastia/métodos , Fatores Culturais , Lesões do Sistema Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Displasia Fibromuscular/classificação , Displasia Fibromuscular/etiologia , Displasia Fibromuscular/terapia , Displasia Fibromuscular/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem
9.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 79 Suppl 2: 1-46, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31116699

RESUMO

Stroke is the third cause of death and the first cause of disability in Argentina. Ischemic events constitute 80% of cases. It requires the implementation of systematized protocols that allow reducing the time of care, morbidity and mortality. Specialists from nine medical societies related to the care of patients with cerebrovascular disease participated in the consensus. A separate agenda was agreed upon in chapters and for the writing of them, work groups were formed with members of different medical specialties. The level of recommendation was discussed and agreed upon for each topic based on the best clinical evidence available for each of them. An adaptation to the local scope of the recommendations was made when it was considered necessary.The American Heart Association system was used to draft the recommendations and their level of evidence. The correction and editing were done by five external reviewers, who did not participate in the writing and with extensive experience in vascular pathology. Once the preliminary document was finalized, a general meeting was held with all the members of the working groups and the reviewers to reach final recommendations. The consensus covers the management of ischemic stroke in the pre-hospital phase, initial evaluation in the emergency center, recanalization therapies (thrombolysis and/ or mechanical thrombectomy), decompressive craniectomy, neuroimaging and clinical care in the hospital.


El accidente cerebrovascular es la tercera causa de muerte y la primera de discapacidad en la Argentina. Los eventos isquémicos constituyen el 80% de los casos. Los accidentes vasculares cerebrales requieren la implementación de protocolos sistematizados que permitan reducir los tiempos en la atención, la morbilidad y mortalidad. En el consenso participaron especialistas de nueve sociedades médicas relacionadas con la atención de pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular. Se consensuó un temario separado en capítulos y para la redacción de los mismos se conformaron grupos de trabajo con miembros de diferentes especialidades médicas. Se discutió y acordó para cada tema el nivel de recomendación en base a la mejor evidencia clínica disponible para cada tópico. Se realizó una adaptación al ámbito local de las recomendaciones cuando se consideró necesario. El sistema de la American Heart Association se utilizó para redactar las recomendaciones y su grado de evidencia. La corrección y edición fue realizada por cinco revisores externos, que no participaron en la redacción y con amplia experiencia en enfermedad vascular. Finalizado el documento preliminar, se organizó una reunión general con todos los integrantes de los grupos de trabajo y los revisores para redactar las recomendaciones definitivas. El consenso abarca la atención del paciente con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en la fase pre-hospitalaria, evaluación inicial en la central de emergencias, terapias de recanalización (trombolisis y/o trombectomía mecánica), craniectomía descompresiva, neuroimágenes y cuidados clínicos en la internación.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Argentina , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Humanos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(supl.2): 1-46, mayo 2019. ilus, graf, map
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012666

RESUMO

El accidente cerebrovascular es la tercera causa de muerte y la primera de discapacidad en la Argentina. Los eventos isquémicos constituyen el 80% de los casos. Los accidentes vasculares cerebrales requieren la implementación de protocolos sistematizados que permitan reducir los tiempos en la atención, la morbilidad y mortalidad. En el consenso participaron especialistas de nueve sociedades médicas relacionadas con la atención de pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular. Se consensuó un temario separado en capítulos y para la redacción de los mismos se conformaron grupos de trabajo con miembros de diferentes especialidades médicas. Se discutió y acordó para cada tema el nivel de recomendación en base a la mejor evidencia clínica disponible para cada tópico. Se realizó una adaptación al ámbito local de las recomendaciones cuando se consideró necesario. El sistema de la American Heart Association se utilizó para redactar las recomendaciones y su grado de evidencia. La corrección y edición fue realizada por cinco revisores externos, que no participaron en la redacción y con amplia experiencia en enfermedad vascular. Finalizado el documento preliminar, se organizó una reunión general con todos los integrantes de los grupos de trabajo y los revisores para redactar las recomendaciones definitivas. El consenso abarca la atención del paciente con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en la fase pre-hospitalaria, evaluación inicial en la central de emergencias, terapias de recanalización (trombolisis y/o trombectomía mecánica), craniectomía descompresiva, neuroimágenes y cuidados clínicos en la internación.


Stroke is the third cause of death and the first cause of disability in Argentina. Ischemic events constitute 80% of cases. It requires the implementation of systematized protocols that allow reducing the time of care, morbidity and mortality. Specialists from nine medical societies related to the care of patients with cerebrovascular disease participated in the consensus. A separate agenda was agreed upon in chapters and for the writing of them, work groups were formed with members of different medical specialties. The level of recommendation was discussed and agreed upon for each topic based on the best clinical evidence available for each of them. An adaptation to the local scope of the recommendations was made when it was considered necessary.The American Heart Association system was used to draft the recommendations and their level of evidence. The correction and editing were done by five external reviewers, who did not participate in the writing and with extensive experience in vascular pathology. Once the preliminary document was finalized, a general meeting was held with all the members of the working groups and the reviewers to reach final recommendations. The consensus covers the management of ischemic stroke in the pre-hospital phase, initial evaluation in the emergency center, recanalization therapies (thrombolysis and/ or mechanical thrombectomy), decompressive craniectomy, neuroimaging and clinical care in the hospital.


Assuntos
Humanos , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/terapia , Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Argentina
12.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 77(2): 89-94, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28463212

RESUMO

Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis have been observed in 20-40% of cases. Our aim was to determine the frequency of neurologic involvement, clinical manifestations, lesional patterns and evolution in patients with infective endocarditis. This was a prospective cohort study. We included 98 patients with left-sided infective endocarditis. Forty seven percent presented neurologic involvement at some time of the disease. The frequency of symptoms was: focal deficit 61%, sensory disturbance 17% and seizures 2%, while 20% remain asymptomatic. The most prevailing lesion was cerebral ischemia (76%). Vegetations larger than 1 cm were associated to neurologic involvement (57% vs. 31%, p = 0.01). Valvular replacement was more common among patients with neurologic involvement (70% vs. 44%, p = 0.01). Hospital mortality was 20% in patients with neurologic manifestation versus 15% of those without it (p = 0.5). The length of stay was significantly prolonged in patients with neurologic affection (32 ± 27 vs. 21 ± 15 days, p = 0.01) and a favorable Rankin assessment at the discharge was less likely in patients with neurologic involvement (36% vs. 74%, p = 0.0001). In this cohort, the most frequent clinical manifestation was focal deficit and the most prevalent pattern of lesion was cerebral ischemia. Those with neurologic involvement presented an increased length of stay and more disability at the discharge but not statistical significant difference in hospital mortality.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias/etiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/complicações , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Encefalopatias/mortalidade , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagem , Endocardite Bacteriana/mortalidade , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
13.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 77(2): 100-104, 2017.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28463214

RESUMO

Hemorrhagic transformation is a complex phenomenon where brain tissue bleeds, which could be associated or not to an increase in the neurological deficit after the acute ischemic stroke. The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical predictors of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non-lacunar ischemic stroke. We performed a prospective analysis of the clinical records and images of patients with non-lacunar ischemic stroke. Demographics, vascular risk factors, previous medications and the information of the event in patients with and without hemorrhagic transformation were here compared. We included in this study 747 patients with non-lacunar stroke, the mean age was 77 ± 11 years and 61% were females. In the univariate analysis, the age, a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease and the previous use of oral anticoagulation resulted statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis of logistic regression adjusted by age and vascular risk factors: the age > 80 years (OR 3.6, CI 95% 1.8-7.6), the pulse pressure > 60 mmHg at admission (OR 5.3, CI 95% 3.2-9.1), the chronic kidney disease (OR 3, CI 95% 2.5-3.8) and the presence of previous atrial fibrillation (OR 3.5, CI 95% 2.1-6.1) were associated with and increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation. The predictors of hemorrhagic transformation in our cohort showed a relationship with severe vascular illness. The identification of these patients could influence therapeutic decisions that could increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
14.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 77(2): 100-104, Apr. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-894440

RESUMO

La transformación hemorrágica es un fenómeno complejo en el que el tejido cerebral isquémico sangra; este proceso puede asociarse o no a un deterioro del estado neurológico inicial. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue evaluar los predictores clínicos de trasformación hemorrágica en los pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico no lacunar. Se analizaron las historias clínicas y las imágenes de pacientes con infarto cerebral no lacunar incluidos prospectivamente en un programa de prevención secundaria. Se compararon datos demográficos, factores de riesgo vascular, medicación previa y datos del evento de los pacientes con transformación hemorrágica y sin ella. Se incluyeron 747 pacientes, la edad promedio fue de 77 ± 11 años, 61% mujeres. En el análisis univariado, la edad, el antecedente de hipertensión arterial, la fibrilación auricular, la insuficiencia renal crónica y la anticoagulación oral previa se relacionaron significativamente con la presencia de transformación hemorrágica. En el análisis multivariado de regresión logística ajustado por edad y factores de riesgo vascular, resultaron predictores de transformación hemorrágica: la edad > 80 años (OR 3.6; IC 95% 1.8-7.6), la presión de pulso > 60 mmHg al ingreso (OR 5.3; IC 95% 3.2-9.1), la insuficiencia renal crónica (OR 3; IC 95% 2.5-3.8) y el antecedente de fibrilación auricular (OR 3.5; IC 95% 2.1-6.1). En nuestra cohorte los predictores clínicos de conversión hemorrágica del infarto cerebral muestran una relación con la gravedad de la enfermedad vascular. La identificación de estos pacientes influenciaría en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas que pudieran incrementar el riesgo de transformación hemorrágica.


Hemorrhagic transformation is a complex phenomenon where brain tissue bleeds, which could be associated or not to an increase in the neurological deficit after the acute ischemic stroke. The aim of our study was to evaluate clinical predictors of hemorrhagic transformation in patients with non-lacunar ischemic stroke. We performed a prospective analysis of the clinical records and images of patients with non-lacunar ischemic stroke. Demographics, vascular risk factors, previous medications and the information of the event in patients with and without hemorrhagic transformation were here compared. We included in this study 747 patients with non-lacunar stroke, the mean age was 77 ± 11 years and 61% were females. In the univariate analysis, the age, a history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease and the previous use of oral anticoagulation resulted statistically significant. In the multivariate analysis of logistic regression adjusted by age and vascular risk factors: the age > 80 years (OR 3.6, CI 95% 1.8-7.6), the pulse pressure > 60 mmHg at admission (OR 5.3, CI 95% 3.2-9.1), the chronic kidney disease (OR 3, CI 95% 2.5-3.8) and the presence of previous atrial fibrillation (OR 3.5, CI 95% 2.1-6.1) were associated with and increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation. The predictors of hemorrhagic transformation in our cohort showed a relationship with severe vascular illness. The identification of these patients could influence therapeutic decisions that could increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
15.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 77(2): 89-94, Apr. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-894438

RESUMO

De acuerdo a la literatura, en un 20 a 40% de las endocarditis infecciosas se producen complicaciones neurológicas. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de compromiso neurológico en pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa de válvulas izquierdas, considerando la presentación clínica, tipo de lesión en las imágenes y su influencia en la evolución. Se incluyeron en forma prospectiva 98 pacientes con endocarditis infecciosa de válvulas izquierdas. El 47% (46 casos) presentó compromiso neurológico. En 28 casos (61%) el síntoma fue el déficit focal, en 9 (20%) la alteración de estado de conciencia; el 17% (8) fue asintomático y 2% (1 caso) presentó convulsiones. En las imágenes, la isquemia cerebral (76%) fue la lesión más frecuente. El tamaño de la vegetación mayor a 1 cm se asoció a compromiso neurológico (57% vs. 31%, p = 0.01). Aquellos pacientes con compromiso neurológico tuvieron mayor frecuencia de reemplazo valvular (70% vs. 44%, p = 0.01) y la mortalidad hospitalaria también fue mayor (20% vs. 15%, p = 0.5). El tiempo total de internación fue significativamente más prolongado en sujetos con compromiso neurológico (32 ± 27 vs. 21 ± 15 días, p = 0.01) y la discapacidad fue mayor en los que tenían manifestaciones neurológicas (74% vs. 36% p = 0.0001). En nuestra serie, el síntoma más frecuente fue el déficit focal, y en las imágenes la isquemia cerebral fue el patrón más común. Los casos con lesión neurológica presentaron mayor tiempo de internación y grado de discapacidad al alta, pero no mayor mortalidad hospitalaria.


Neurologic complications of infective endocarditis have been observed in 20-40% of cases. Our aim was to determine the frequency of neurologic involvement, clinical manifestations, lesional patterns and evolution in patients with infective endocarditis. This was a prospective cohort study. We included 98 patients with left-sided infective endocarditis. Forty seven percent presented neurologic involvement at some time of the disease. The frequency of symptoms was: focal deficit 61%, sensory disturbance 17% and seizures 2%, while 20% remain asymptomatic. The most prevailing lesion was cerebral ischemia (76%). Vegetations larger than 1 cm were associated to neurologic involvement (57% vs. 31%, p = 0.01). Valvular replacement was more common among patients with neurologic involvement (70% vs. 44%, p = 0.01). Hospital mortality was 20% in patients with neurologic manifestation versus 15% of those without it (p = 0.5). The length of stay was significantly prolonged in patients with neurologic affection (32 ± 27 vs. 21 ± 15 days, p = 0.01) and a favorable Rankin assessment at the discharge was less likely in patients with neurologic involvement (36% vs. 74%, p = 0.0001). In this cohort, the most frequent clinical manifestation was focal deficit and the most prevalent pattern of lesion was cerebral ischemia. Those with neurologic involvement presented an increased length of stay and more disability at the discharge but not statistical significant difference in hospital mortality.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Encefalopatias/etiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/complicações , Prognóstico , Encefalopatias/mortalidade , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Endocardite Bacteriana/mortalidade , Endocardite Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagem
16.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 64(8): 347-352, 16 abr., 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-162398

RESUMO

Introducción. La inclusión de mayores de 80 años fue escasa en los estudios que evaluaron la terapia trombolítica. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la seguridad y eficacia del uso de activador del plasminógeno tisular recombinante en pacientes mayores y menores de 80 años. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio prospectivo de pacientes que recibieron tratamiento trombolítico. Se comparó el tiempo de estancia, la incidencia de sangrado, la mortalidad hospitalaria y la evolución a 90 días en pacientes mayores y menores de 80 años. Resultados. De 1.996 pacientes con ictus ingresados entre octubre de 2005 y enero de 2016, 180 recibieron tratamiento trombolítico (9%). La edad media fue de 77 ± 10 años, con un 55% de mujeres. Cuando se compararon los menores y mayores de 80 años, en estos últimos la estancia hospitalaria fue prolongada, con una mediana de 15 días (rango intercuartílico: 6-19) frente a siete días (rango intercuartílico: 4-12; p = 0,001), y la discapacidad a los tres meses fue mayor (escala de Rankin 0-1 del 24% frente al 41%; p = 0,001). La puntuación ASPECTS de ingreso, la incidencia de sangrado y la mortalidad hospitalaria no mostraron diferencias entre mayores y menores de 80 años. Los pacientes mayores de 80 años tuvieron menor tiempo de demora para llegar al hospital (97 ± 34 frente a 113 ± 45 min; p = 0,01); sin embargo, el tiempo puerta-aguja fue superior en los mayores de 80 años. Conclusión. La terapia trombolítica en los mayores de 80 años fue segura, aunque el grado de beneficio para reducir la discapacidad resultó menor (AU)


Introduction. Enrollment of patients aged above 80 years in trials assessing endovenous thrombolysis (rt-PA) was scarce. The goal of this study is to compare safety and efficacy of endovenous rt-PA between patients aged above 80 and those below 80 years. Patients and methods. A cohort of patients who received rt-PA was prospectively followed. Length of hospital stay, bleeding incidence, in-hospital mortality and 90 days’ clinical outcome was compared between patients aged above 80 and those below 80 years. Results. Of 1996 patients admitted at our hospital with ischemic stroke between October 2005 and January 2016, 180 received rt-PA (9%). Mean age was 77 ± 10 years, being 55% of the women. Comparing patients aged above 80 with those below 80 years, in the latter the length of hospital stay was longer with a median length of 15 days (IQR: 6-19) vs 7 days (IQR: 4-12; p = 0.001) and 90 days’ clinical outcome was worse (modified Rankin scale 0-1 of 24% vs 41%; p = 0.001). Admission ASPECTS score, bleeding incidence and in-hospital mortality showed no significant differences between both groups. Patients aged over 80 arrived to the hospital earlier (97 ± 34 vs 113 ± 45 min; p = 0.01), however door-toneedle time was longer. Conclusions. Endovenous thrombolysis in patients aged above 80 years was safe, although its efficacy in assuring a better clinical outcome was not as pronounced as in patients below 80 years (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos de Coortes , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Argentina/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
17.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(3): 113-117, 1 feb., 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-148768

RESUMO

Introducción. El síndrome de apnea/hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) confiere mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, dada su asociación con otros factores de riesgo vascular. Tanto el SAHOS como otros factores de riesgo vascular se asocian con lesiones cerebrales silentes. Objetivo. Evaluar la prevalencia de lesiones cerebrales silentes en pacientes con SAHOS. Pacientes y métodos. Se evaluó retrospectivamente una cohorte de 137 pacientes con SAHOS, con una edad media de 65 ± 12 años, el 45% mujeres. Las lesiones cerebrales silentes en resonancia magnética se evaluaron con la escala visual de Fazekas, y se consignó la presencia de infartos corticales, lacunares y microsangrados. Resultados. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo vascular fue: hipertensión, 64%; dislipidemia, 58%; diabetes, 18%; tabaquismo, 34%; ateromatosis carotídea, 26%; enfermedad coronaria, 13%; y fibrilación auricular, 4%. El SAHOS fue leve en el 47%, moderado en el 31% y grave en el 22% de los casos. El 91% de los pacientes tenía hiperintensidades periventriculares y el 66% presentaba lesiones en la sustancia blanca subcortical. El valor medio del índice de apnea/hipopnea fue mayor en los pacientes con mayor carga de lesiones, aunque sin significación estadística. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con SAHOS presentan una elevada prevalencia de lesiones cerebrales silentes, fundamentalmente con un patrón microangiopático. Posiblemente esto se explique por la asociación entre el SAHOS, la hipertensión arterial y otros factores de riesgo vascular (AU)


Introduction. The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) confers increased risk of cardiovascular disease, given its association with other vascular risk factors. Both OSA and other vascular risk factors are associated with silent brain lesions. Aim. To assess the prevalence of silent brain lesions in patients with OSA. Patients and methods. We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 137 patients with OSA. The mean age was 65 ± 12 years; 45% were women. The silent brain lesions in magnetic resonance imaging were assessed with the Visual Scale of Fazekas (FVS), and the presence of cortical infarcts, lacunar and microbleedings was assessed. Results. Vascular risk factors prevalence was: hypertension 64%, dyslipemia 58%, diabetes 18%, smoking 34%, carotid atherosclerosis 26%, coronary heart disease 13%, and atrial fibrillation 4%. OSA was mild in 47%, moderate in 31% and severe in 22% of the patients. 91% of patients had periventricular hyperintensities, and 66% showed subcortical white matter lesions. The average value of apnea/hipopnea index was higher in patients with score 2 and 3 in FVS, although without statistical significance. Conclusions. Patients with OSA in our study have a high prevalence of silent brain lesions, mainly with microangiopathic pattern. This is possibly explained by the relation between OSA, hypertension and other vascular risk factors (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Traumatismo Cerebrovascular/epidemiologia , Traumatismo Cerebrovascular , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Polissonografia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/complicações , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hipertensão/complicações , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Análise de Variância
18.
Rev Neurol ; 62(3): 113-7, 2016 Feb 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26815848

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) confers increased risk of cardiovascular disease, given its association with other vascular risk factors. Both OSA and other vascular risk factors are associated with silent brain lesions. AIM: To assess the prevalence of silent brain lesions in patients with OSA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 137 patients with OSA. The mean age was 65 ± 12 years; 45% were women. The silent brain lesions in magnetic resonance imaging were assessed with the Visual Scale of Fazekas (FVS), and the presence of cortical infarcts, lacunar and microbleedings was assessed. RESULTS: Vascular risk factors prevalence was: hypertension 64%, dyslipemia 58%, diabetes 18%, smoking 34%, carotid atherosclerosis 26%, coronary heart disease 13%, and atrial fibrillation 4%. OSA was mild in 47%, moderate in 31% and severe in 22% of the patients. 91% of patients had periventricular hyperintensities, and 66% showed subcortical white matter lesions. The average value of apnea/hipopnea index was higher in patients with score 2 and 3 in FVS, although without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with OSA in our study have a high prevalence of silent brain lesions, mainly with microangiopathic pattern. This is possibly explained by the relation between OSA, hypertension and other vascular risk factors.


TITLE: Prevalencia de lesion vascular cerebral silente en pacientes con sindrome de apnea/hipopnea obstructiva del sueño.Introduccion. El sindrome de apnea/hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) confiere mayor riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, dada su asociacion con otros factores de riesgo vascular. Tanto el SAHOS como otros factores de riesgo vascular se asocian con lesiones cerebrales silentes. Objetivo. Evaluar la prevalencia de lesiones cerebrales silentes en pacientes con SAHOS. Pacientes y metodos. Se evaluo retrospectivamente una cohorte de 137 pacientes con SAHOS, con una edad media de 65 ± 12 años, el 45% mujeres. Las lesiones cerebrales silentes en resonancia magnetica se evaluaron con la escala visual de Fazekas, y se consigno la presencia de infartos corticales, lacunares y microsangrados. Resultados. La prevalencia de factores de riesgo vascular fue: hipertension, 64%; dislipidemia, 58%; diabetes, 18%; tabaquismo, 34%; ateromatosis carotidea, 26%; enfermedad coronaria, 13%; y fibrilacion auricular, 4%. El SAHOS fue leve en el 47%, moderado en el 31% y grave en el 22% de los casos. El 91% de los pacientes tenia hiperintensidades periventriculares y el 66% presentaba lesiones en la sustancia blanca subcortical. El valor medio del indice de apnea/hipopnea fue mayor en los pacientes con mayor carga de lesiones, aunque sin significacion estadistica. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con SAHOS presentan una elevada prevalencia de lesiones cerebrales silentes, fundamentalmente con un patron microangiopatico. Posiblemente esto se explique por la asociacion entre el SAHOS, la hipertension arterial y otros factores de riesgo vascular.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/etiologia , Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono/complicações , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos
19.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 35(2): 49-52, jun. 2015. graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1416301

RESUMO

El síncope es una perdida súbita y transitoria del estado de conciencia y el tono postural con restitución completa. Según su etiología se clasifica como reflejo (neuromediado), cardíaco, neurológico (isquemia vertebrobasilar) o indeterminado. Los síncopes neurológicos se observan en contexto de accidente cerebrovascular isquémico o accidente isquémico transitorio; frecuentemente se asocian a signos deficitarios focales. Presentamos el caso de un síncope no neurológico con signos deficitarios focales en una paciente con marcada enfermedad ateromatosa. (AU)


Syncope is the abrupt and transient loss of consciousness associated with absence of postural tone, followed by complete and usually rapid spontaneous recovery. In terms of etiology, syncope is classified as reflex (neurally mediated), cardiac, neurologic (vertebrobasilar ischemia) or indeterminate. The neurologic syncope occurs in the setting of stroke or transient ischemic attack, being most frequently associated with focal neurologic symptoms. We report a case of non-neurologic syncope followed with focal neurologic symptoms in a patient with atherosclerosis disease. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Síncope/fisiopatologia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/fisiopatologia , Síncope/etiologia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/etiologia , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/tratamento farmacológico , Ataque Isquêmico Transitório/diagnóstico por imagem , Aspirina/uso terapêutico , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/administração & dosagem , Hipotensão/complicações , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico
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